Japanese rush hour trains are famous for their congestion, but how crowded are they really? Let’s dive into the reality of packed Japanese trains.
The Reality of Rush Hour Trains
In Japan’s major cities, especially Tokyo and Osaka, rush hour trains become extremely crowded during commute times. The rush hour periods on weekdays (usually from 7 to 9 AM and 5 to 7 PM) see station platforms and train cars filled to capacity. In particular, main lines like Tokyo’s Yamanote Line and Osaka’s Midosuji Line frequently experience passengers packed in like sardines. Some people even liken it to being in a human sardine can!
Congestion Rates
Japanese railway companies use a measure called the “congestion rate” to indicate how crowded trains are. A congestion rate of 100% means all seats are occupied, and 200% means all seats are occupied and standing passengers can still use handrails or straps. In reality, some lines exceed a 200% congestion rate during rush hours. For example, Tokyo Metro’s Tozai Line had a congestion rate of 199% in 2019, meaning passengers could hardly move【Reference: East Japan Railway Company】. Seeing this, you might wonder, “How can so many people fit in there?”
Measures to Alleviate Congestion
Japanese railway companies implement various measures to alleviate rush hour congestion. One such measure is “peak cut,” which involves increasing the number of trains during peak times to disperse passengers. Another is “peak shift,” which encourages commuters to stagger their travel times to avoid peak congestion. Recently, the spread of remote work has also helped reduce congestion. Without these measures, rush hour could turn into a human Tetris game!
A Humorous Look at Rush Hour Trains
Japanese rush hour trains are often humorously described as “sushi-zume” or “packed like sushi.” This metaphor compares passengers to sushi pieces tightly packed together. Additionally, videos and manga depicting the crowded train experience are popular both domestically and internationally. These portray Japan’s unique commuting culture with humor, while also highlighting the harsh reality. If you find yourself riding a rush hour train in Japan, try to enjoy the “sushi-zume experience.”
How to Experience Rush Hour Trains
If you want to experience Japanese rush hour trains, here are some tips:
- Target Rush Hour: The most crowded times are from 7 to 9 AM and 5 to 7 PM on weekdays. Riding during these times will give you the full rush hour experience.
- Choose Main Lines: In Tokyo, the Yamanote Line or Chuo Line, and in Osaka, the Midosuji Line or Loop Line are especially crowded. Choosing these lines will give you a real taste of packed trains.
- Select Busy Stations: Major stations like Shinjuku, Shibuya, and Ikebukuro are particularly congested. Boarding at these stations will let you experience the crush of rush hour.
- Be Prepared: Rush hour trains are not comfortable. Wear easy-to-move-in clothing and bring some patience. Approach it like a human Tetris game for a bit of fun.
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